Laser diodes form a subset of the larger classification of semiconductor p – n junction diodes. Forward electrical bias across the laser diode causes the two species of charge carrier – holes and electrons – to be injected from opposite sides of the PIN junction into the depletion region.
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The abbreviation "nm" stands for nanometer, a unit of measurement equal to one billionth of a meter (1 nm = 10^-9 meters). In fiber optic communication, nm is used to denote the wavelength of light used by the optical modules to transmit data. Why do we use the infrared? Because the attenuation of the fiber is much less at those wavelengths. That value determines whether the module is designed for multimode fiber (MMF) or single-mode fiber (SMF), how much attenuation the signal will experience, how dispersion behaves over distance, and whether optical amplification or DWDM systems are possible.
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