Communication devices in the relay protection room
Let's start with brief description of seven most known and most used communication medias used in power system communications (in terms of protection and automation):.
Read More
What is an optical communication relay device
A relay is an electromechanical or electronic device that opens or closes circuits based on an input signal. In the context of optical relays, these devices utilize light to transmit signals, providing electrical isolation while ensuring efficient communication. NASA is currently planning for a new optical communications relay node in geostationary (GEO) orbit to be. Optical communications technologies decades in the making at Lincoln Laboratory were transferred to NASA for its first two-way laser relay communications system.
Read More
Relay protection differential coordination time
The IEC standard for relay coordination recommends time grading between relays based on fault current magnitude and operating characteristics. Selective short-circuit protection can be achieved in different ways, such as: Time-graded protection Time- and current-graded protection A straightforward way of obtaining selective protection is to use time grading. System Configuration Source Short Circuit MVA (at PCC) Short circuit capacity of the upstream source at the point of common coupling. Achieving coordination and ensuring that time overcurrent and distance relays operate in a predictable manner can be quite burdensome, especially in highly coupled power systems with tight loops in the topology structure. The faster the protection operates, the smaller the resulting hazards, damage and the thermal stress will be.
Read More
Fiber Optic Communication Product Delivery Standards
This article explains eight of the most important global fiber and cable standards — ITU-T, IEC, TIA, ISO/IEC, and Telcordia — covering their scope, applications, and why they matter in real-world deployments. One FOA standard, the FOA Standard For Installing Fiber Optic Cable Plants, was created because there was a demand for an installation standard that covered all aspects of fiber optic installation. What Are Standards?Fiber optic networks are built on well-defined standards that ensure quality, performance, and interoperability. Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) and ISO/IEC cabling standards for fiber optics and structured cabling, for example, are written by manufacturers for manufacturers, and as such are much more useful to manufacturers of cables, connecting hardware, networking electronics and test.
Read More
485 Communication Line Terminal Box
RS-485, also known as TIA-485(-A) or EIA-485, is a standard, originally introduced in 1983, defining the electrical characteristics of drivers and receivers for use in serial communications systems. The standard is jointly published by the Telecommunications Industry Association and Electronic Industries Alliance (TI. The EIA once labeled all its standards with the prefix RS (), but the EIA/TIA officially replaced RS with EIA/TIA to help identify the origin of its standards.
Read More