Fiber optic sensors (FOSs) have emerged as a critical technology for real-time, high-precision sensing across diverse fields, including structural health monitoring, biomedical diagnostics, environmental surveillance, and industrial automation. This collection focuses on the latest developments in advanced fiber optic sensors and their diverse sensing applications. A fiber optic sensor measures a physical quantity by modulating the intensity, spectrum, phase, or polarization of light traveling through the optical fiber system. This paper conducts a systematic analysis of the sensing mechanisms in fiber-optic pressure sensors, with a particular focus on the performance optimization effects of fiber structures and materials, while elucidating their application characteristics in different sensing scenarios.
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