WHY IT''S TIME TO RETHINK JITTER ANALYSIS OF SERDES

Why are time delay logic circuits needed in relay protection

Why are time delay logic circuits needed in relay protection

A time delay relay controls the timing of electrical circuits by delaying switching operations. While conventional relays provide immediate switching, many processes require a controlled delay —for example, starting motors in sequence, delaying lights, or keeping equipment running briefly after power is removed. The normal relay changes its contacts instantly on energization and de-energization of the relay coil. Here is a simple chart to compare them: Think about needing a motor to start ten seconds after you press a button.

Read More
Case Study of Optical Time Domain Reflectometer

Case Study of Optical Time Domain Reflectometer

We report recent results obtained with a novel optical fiber experimental setup based on a heterodyne optical time-domain reflectometer in the context of FPU recurrence process. metry (OTDR), covering its principle, impl e an essential tool for: characterisation, certification, maintenance and monitoring optical networks. They characterise the len th, attenuation and return loss (ov se individual events along ink: connection points (splices, connectors), te ng by. from Hughes Research Laboratory in 1976 (Barnoski and Jensen 1976), and then Stewart D. Develop an OTDR for optical data transmission networks, which helps: The device should be small-sized and powered from a 220 V / 50 Hz network, 24x7, or from a built-in battery for at least 8 hours. A processor board based on the Texas Instruments AM3505 (Cortex a8) 600 MHz with 128 MB LpDDR and. Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics of Russian Academy of Science, 125009 Moscow, Russia Scientific Educational Centre "Photonics and IR Engineering", Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 105005 Moscow, Russia Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Read More
Relay protection differential coordination time

Relay protection differential coordination time

The IEC standard for relay coordination recommends time grading between relays based on fault current magnitude and operating characteristics. Selective short-circuit protection can be achieved in different ways, such as: Time-graded protection Time- and current-graded protection A straightforward way of obtaining selective protection is to use time grading. System Configuration Source Short Circuit MVA (at PCC) Short circuit capacity of the upstream source at the point of common coupling. Achieving coordination and ensuring that time overcurrent and distance relays operate in a predictable manner can be quite burdensome, especially in highly coupled power systems with tight loops in the topology structure. The faster the protection operates, the smaller the resulting hazards, damage and the thermal stress will be.

Read More

Get In Touch

Connect With Us

📱

Poland (Sales & Engineering HQ)

+48 22 538 72 19

📍

Headquarters & Manufacturing

ul. Postępu 14, 02-676 Warszawa, Poland