Optical module
OverviewOptical modulation and multiplexing typesElectrical Interface TypesIn-module componentsElectrical cable equivalentFront panel optical module MSAsOn-Board Optical module MSAsUsers of Optical Modules
Many different forms of optical modulation and multiplexing have been employed in optical modules. The most common modulation technique historically has been on-off keying or NRZ. Pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM-4) has also been extensively used. In the 2010s, coherent optical modulation has been used. Techniques include Dual Polarization Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (DP-QPSK) and QAM-16.